The Zbrojovka Praga Model 21

by Ed Buffaloe

Historical Background

Vaclav Holek

Immediately after the war, in 1918, Holek transferred to the newly established Zbrojovka Praga company, which apparently was a subsidiary of the Jan Nowotny company.  Holek proposed and designed the Praga Model 1919 pistol in 7.65 mm, intended for use by the new Czech army and police, and the Praga Model 1921 pistol in 6.35 mm, intended for commercial sales.  In 1924 he designed his first machine gun, the Model 24.  The Zbrojovka Praga company went out of business in 1926, and Holek transferred to the Czechoslovak Zbrojovka (CZ) company in Brno where he improved his machine gun design, which was manufactured as the Model 26, and went through further redesigns as the Model 27, 30, and 33/34.  Eventually the machine gun design was licensed to the British in 1935 where it was manufactured as the Brno-Enfield or BREN.

Zbrojovka Praga Model 21 ‘Praha’ Pistol with trigger folded up

The Model 1921 pistol was only manufactured through February of 1922, though assembly from parts may have continued as late as 1925.  Most will be found with the 1921 proof, though a few late pistols were proofed in 1922.  In December of 1923 Zbrojovka Praga still had 4760 Model 21 pistols in their inventory, so obviously sales were not good.  Post-war Europe did not have a robust economy and most European gun makers were relying on export sales or non-weapons manufacturing to get by.  Many sources quote the figure 7400 for total production of the Model 21, though examples are known in the 8600 serial number range, and some examples are also found unproofed and/or un-numbered.  R. J. Berger does not believe this many were made, stating, “[t]he serial numbers were probably intermingled with those of the .32 pistol.”  He may be right, considering how rarely examples of this gun are seen.

Zbrojovka Praga Model 21 ‘Praha’ Pistol with trigger down, ready to fire

The Model 1921

The only patent I could locate for the Model 21 is French patent 535,530, which was filed 14 May 1921 and granted 26 January 1922 to the company Zbrojovka Praga of Czechoslovakia.

The Model 21 is not like anything made before or since.  Its unusual appearance may have contributed to its poor sales, but the design is quite innovative and the quality of manufacture, as with all Czech pistols, is extremely high.  The major design innovation is the fold-down trigger which springs into place as soon as the slide is retracted about 2 mm, and the finger groove at the front of the slide that allows the trigger to be released one-handed.  The gun can be cocked and a cartridge chambered in the normal manner by retracting the slide. If the gun is carried cocked with a round in the chamber, the trigger can be quickly lowered using the finger groove.

Patent Drawing - French Patent 535530 - 1921 8 is the sear lever, 11 is the firing pin, 12 is the sear, 14 is the takedown release

The trigger is mounted on a flat bar of metal with two long tines or rails, one on either side.  The rails form the transfer bars which connect the trigger with the sear mechanism, and also serve to hold the slide and frame together.  The two-pronged transfer bar fits into two grooves in the frame as well as a long groove cut into the slide, thus mating the two and preventing the slide from coming off the frame.  The trigger and transfer bar mechanism is held in place by a spring-loaded plunger mounted in the front of the frame.  The takedown release lever for the trigger bar is mounted directly under the plunger at the front of the frame and behind the trigger.

The two rails of the transfer bar act directly on the sear lever, which in turn rotates the sear itself, providing a smooth, even trigger pull of about 7.8 pounds.  A lever on the left side of the gun, at the rear, serves as both an ejector and a disconnector mechanism. 

Model 21 ‘Praha’ Pistol Schematic

As the slide cycles to the rear, a semi-circular cut in the top of the slide forces this lever down.  The forward portion of the lever rotates into position at the left rear of the magazine to eject the cartridge, while the lower rear portion depresses the sear lever, disconnecting it from the sear until the slide returns to battery.

There is a simple magazine safety.  When the magazine is withdrawn, a spring-loaded lever moves forward just enough to block the sear.  There is no manual safety.  With the trigger folded up the transfer bar is effectively locked, but the sear remains unlocked.  If the gun had a cartridge in the chamber and were dropped, it could potentially ignite the cartridge.

The gun has an unlocked breech and ejects to the right side.  There are eight oval-shaped plunge -milled serrations at the rear of the slide on both sides, angled slightly forward.  The serial number is just above the ejector on the right side, and is also stamped on the frame beneath the right grip.  The left side slide inscription is in all-capital serif characters as follows:

ZBROJOVKA  PRAGA
PRAHA
PATENT  CAL. 6.35

Model 21 ‘Praha’ Pistol Field Stripped

1. Make certain the magazine and chamber are empty.
2. Pull the trigger.
3. Depress the trigger release lever on the bottom of the frame and draw the trigger and trigger bar off the front of the frame.
4. While holding one hand at the rear of the gun to retain the springs, lift up on the front of the slide and pull forward slightly.
5. Remove the barrel from the slide.

Note:  The easiest way to reassemble the gun is to put the barrel in the slide and put a small piece of tape across the muzzle to hold it in place.  Alternatively, the barrel may be inserted into the slide and the two held upside down while the frame is attached.  The magazine should be removed and the ejector pressed down for assembly.

Selected Photographs Model 21 Field Stripped Trigger and Sear Mechanisms Magazine Safety Mechanism Disconnector Mechanism Slide and Firing Pin Details

Copyright 2017 by Ed Buffaloe.  All rights reserved.
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