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Pyrogallol Developers
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Kodak D-1, ABC Pyro
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Stock Solution A
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Sodium bisulphite*
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9.8 g
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Pyrogallol
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60 g
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Potassium bromide
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1.1 g
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Water to make
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1000 cc
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Stock Solution B
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Water
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1000 cc
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Sodium sulphite, desiccated
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105 g
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Stock Solution C
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Water
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1000 cc
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrate
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90 g
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Mix fresh before use. For tray development, use 1 part A, B, and C with 7 parts water. For tank development take 9 ounces each of A, B, and C and add water to make 1 gallon.
There are a number of formulas that are nearly identical, including Agfa 45, DuPont 1-D, and Gevaert GD-79. Weston’s variant decreased the carbonate in C by about 25% and tripled the amount of A used when mixing the working solution.
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Kodak D-7, Metol-Pyro
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Stock Solution A
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Water (125° F or 52° C)
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500 ml
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Metol
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7.5 g
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Sodium bisulfite*
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7.5 g
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Pyrogallol
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30 g
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Potassium bromide
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4 g
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Cold water to make
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1 liter
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Stock Solution B
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Water
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1 liter
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Sodium sulfite
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150 g
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Stock Solution C
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Water
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1 liter
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrated
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90 g
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Take 8 ounces each of A, B, and C and add water to make 1 gallon. Agfa 46 and DuPont 2-D are nearly identical.
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Kodak SD-1 Stain Developer
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Water (125° F or 52° C)
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500 cc
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Sodium sulfite
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1.4 g
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Pyrogallol
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2.8 g
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Sodium carbonate
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5.3 g
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Water to make
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1000 cc
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Use undiluted.
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Gevaert G.202 Pyro-Metol
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Stock Solution A
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Water (125° F or 52° C)
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750 cc
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Metol
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4 g
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Potassium metabisulfite
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10 g
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Pyrogallol
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10 g
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Sodium sulfite, desiccated
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50 g
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Potassium bromide
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1 g
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Cold water to make
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1 liter
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Stock Solution B
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrated
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93.6 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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For normally exposed negatives take equal parts of solutions A and B.
In case of overexposure, increase the quantity of solution A. For underexposures, increase the quantity of solution B. To obtain even softer results, dilute the mixed solutions with 1 or 2 parts water.
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Gevaert G.205, Pyro-Metol-Hydroquinone
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Water (125° F or 52° C)
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750 cc
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Metol
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2 g
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Sodium sulfite, desiccated
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75 g
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Hydroquinone
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8 g
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrated
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58.5 g
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Potassium metabisulfite
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12 g
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Pyrogallol
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8 g
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Potassium bromide
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2 g
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Cold water to make
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1 liter
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For tray development, dilute 1 part stock solution with 4 parts water. For tank development, dilute 1 part stock solution with 9 parts water.
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Gevaert G.213
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Water (125° F or 52° C)
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750 cc
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Pyrogallol
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2.5 g
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Potassium metabisulfite
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2.5 g
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Sodium sulfite, desiccated
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10 g
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrated
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5.8 g
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Cold water to make
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1 liter
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Use undiluted.
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Edwards Pyro-Ammonia Glycerin
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Stock Solution A
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Pyrogallol
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40 g
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Glycerin
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40 cc
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Denatured methyl alcohol
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250 cc
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Stock Solution B
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Potassium bromide
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15 g
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Ammonia
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40 cc
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Glycerin
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40 cc
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Water
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250 cc
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For use mix 1 part A, 1 part B, and 30 parts water. The addition of glycerin tends to give softer negatives.
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Morley Baer Pyro Citric
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A (dry chemical)
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Pyrogallol crystals
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9 g
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Stock Solution B
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Sodium sulfite
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100 g
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Citric acid crystals
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20 g
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Water to make
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64 ounces
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Stock Solution C
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrated
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150 g
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Water to make
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64 ounces
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For use mix 9 grams of A with 9 ounces of B and water to make 90 ounces total solution. Immediately before development add 9 ounces of C.
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Wimberley WD2D
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Stock Solution A
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Water (100° F or 38° C)
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400 ml
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Metol
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1.5 g
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Sodium bisulfite, anhydrous
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5 g
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Pyrogallol
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15 g
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Water to make
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500 ml
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Stock Solution B
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Water
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400 ml
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrated
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22 g
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Water to make
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500 ml
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For use 20ml A and 20ml B to 400ml water. To adjust contrast, vary the amount of solution B--more B gives higher contrast, less B decreases contrast.
The original formula contained benzotriazole, but this was later eliminated to increase contrast and reduce development times.
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PMK (Pyro-Metol-Kodalk)
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Stock Solution A
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Distilled water
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750 cc
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Metol
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10 g
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Sodium bisulfite*
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20 g
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Pyrogallol
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100 g
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EDTA (optional)
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5 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Stock Solution B
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Distilled water
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1400 cc
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Sodium metaborate
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600 g
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Water to make
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2 liters
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For use mix 1 part A, plus 2 parts B, plus 100 parts water.
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Rollo Pyro
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Stock Solution A
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Distilled water
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400 ml
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Metol
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7.5 g
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Sodium Bisulfite*
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10 g
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Pyrogallol
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75 g
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Ascorbic acid
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5 g
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EDTA -Na4
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2.5 g
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Water to make
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500 ml
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Stock Solution B
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Distilled water
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950 ml
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Sodium metaborate
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150 g
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Make a working solution by mixing 2 parts A with 8 parts B with 100 parts water. This pyro solution is specially designed as a substitute for PMK and provides even development with tube
processors running at 25 rpm. Developing times range from 5 to 7 minutes.
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W-80
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Water
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600 cc
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Metol
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6 g
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Paraphenylene diamine hydrochloride
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10 g
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Glycin
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5 g
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Pyrogallol
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1 g
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Tri-sodium phosphate (monohydrate)
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2 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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If anyone has information on developing times for this developer, please write to the webmaster.
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Welborne Piper Formula
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Stock Solution A
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Sodium sulfite
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75 g
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Potassium metabisulfite
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18 g
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Pyrogallol
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18 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Stock Solution B
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Sodium carbonate
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55 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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For soft negatives, mix just before use 1A + 1B + 2 water. For strong negatives, mix 1A + 1B + 1 water.
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TD-3
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Distilled water
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750 ml
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Sodium sulfite
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1 g
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Pyrocatechin
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0.25 g
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Sodium carbonate (anhydrous)
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15 g
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Distilled water to make
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1 liter
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Bill Troop’s developer for Tech-Pan. If greater activity is required, the carbonate may be increased to 20 g. See http://www.photoformulary.com/uploads/01-0065.doc for more information.
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Pyrocatechin Developers
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Pyrocatechin
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Stock Solution A
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Pyrocatechin
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1 g
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Water
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1000 cc
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Stock Solution B
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Potassium carbonate
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200 g
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Water
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1000 cc
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For use, mix 10 parts A with 1 part B.
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Windisch Compensating Formula
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Stock Solution A
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Pyrocatechin
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8 g
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Sodium sulfite
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1.25 g
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Water to make
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100 cc
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Stock Solution B
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Sodium hydroxide
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10 g
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Cold water to make
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100 cc
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For normal use, mix 12 parts A, 7 parts B, and 500 parts water. If the negative material is innately contrasty, use 20 parts A and 5 parts B.
Ansel preferred to mix the B solution at 1% instead of 10% for high-contrast subjects, and he then used 20 parts A and 50 parts B (1% solution) with 500 parts water. Solution B does not keep well, but A keeps very well in a glass bottle with no air.
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Byrd’s Pyro-cat
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Stock Solution A
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Warm water (90° F)
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800 ml
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Sodium sulfite
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18 g
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Pyrocatechin
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120 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Stock Solution B
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Cool water (<80° F)
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1 liter
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Sodium hydroxide
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30 g
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For use mix 1 part A with 1 part B with 100 parts water.
Agitate 10 seconds every minute. Starting development times: 68°/17m, 70°/15m, 72°/13.5m, 74°/12.5m, 76°/11.5m, 78°/10.5m, 80°/9.5m, 82°/9m.
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Foma FV-11
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Metol
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3 g
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Sodium sulfite, anhydrous
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45 g
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Sodium carbonate
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30 g
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Pyrocatechin
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6 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Dilute 1+1 to 1+5 for use, depending on desired contrast. Approximate development times are 3 minutes at 1+1, 8 minutes at 1+3, and 15 minutes at 1:5.
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Sodium Tribasic Phosphate Formula
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Stock Solution A
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Sodium sulfite
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110 g
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Pyrocatechin
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22 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Stock Solution B
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Tri-sodium phosphate
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14 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Add 1 part A to 1 part B to 1 part water.
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Herrman’s Fine Grain Developer
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Metol
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9 g
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Pyrocatechin
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9 g
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Sodium sulphite
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60 g
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Sodium carbonate
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60 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Dilute 1+9 or 1+19 for use.
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Pextral Two-Bath Formula
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Bath 1
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Pyrocatechin
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1.5 g
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Sodium sulfite, anhydrous
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0.3 g
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Water to make
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300 ml
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Bath 2
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Sodium hydroxide
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6 g
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Water to make
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300 ml
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Process for 2 minutes in Bath 1 and 1 minute in Bath 2 at 20° C.
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Maxim Muir’s Compensating Formula
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Stock Solution A
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Water
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250 ml
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Sodium metabisulfite
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10 g
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Pyrocatechin
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40 g
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Water to make
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500 ml
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Stock Solution B
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Sodium hydroxide
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10 g
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Cold water to make
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100 ml
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For use, mix 2 parts A, 1 part B, and 200 parts water. Solution B does not keep more than a week or so.
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Mimosa No. 3
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Stock Solution A
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Water
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750 ml
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Sodium sulfite, desiccated
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30 g
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Pyrocatechin
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20 g
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Potassium bromide
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0.5 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Stock Solution B
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Sodium carbonate, anhydrous
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120 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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For use, mix 1 part A and 1 part B with 10 parts water.
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One-Shot Formula
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Catechol
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2 g
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Sodium sulphite, anhydrous, 5% sol
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5 ml
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Sodium hydroxide, 5% solution
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10 ml
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Use undiluted. Development time: 15 minutes at 68° F.
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Barry Thornton’s 2-Bath Formula
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Bath A Concentrate
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Pyrocatechin
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10 g
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Sodium sulphite
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2 g
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Potassium bromide
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0.5 g
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Water to make
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100 ml
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Bath B Concentrate
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Potassium hydroxide
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10 g
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Potassium bromide
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0.5 g
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Water to make
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100 ml
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Working solutions of A and B are mixed 1+14 with water. Recommended times are 4 minutes in A at 21° C with agitation once every 30 seconds, followed by 4 minutes in B at 21° C with
agitation once every minute. Do not rinse between baths.
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Pyrocat-HD
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Stock Solution A
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Distilled water
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75 ml
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Sodium metabisulfite
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1 g
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Pyrocatechin
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5.0 g
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Phenidone**
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0.2 g
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Potassium bromide
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0.2 g
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Distilled water to make
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100 ml
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Stock Solution B
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Distilled Water
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70 ml
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Potassium carbonate
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75 g
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Distilled water to make
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100 ml
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To make a standard working solution mix 1 part A with 1 part B with 100 parts water (1:1:100). For greater contrast, double the amount of B (1:2:100).
Solution A keeps for about 6 months in a tightly stoppered brown glass bottle.
** 2.5 grams of Metol may be substituted for the phenidone with a slight loss in film speed but better keeping qualities.
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Perutz OP-004
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Stock Solution 1
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Pyrocatechin
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200 g
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Sodium Sulphite
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50 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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Stock Solution 2
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Sodium carbonate
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100 g
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Water to make
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1 liter
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For use mix 12 ml Solution 1 with 240 ml Solution 2 and add water to make 1 liter.
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